Server-side programming languages (e.g. Java, Python, Ruby, PHP);Database management systems (e.g. MySQL, PostgreSQL, MongoDB)
API development and management (e.g. RESTful APIs, GraphQL);Web frameworks (e.g. Spring, Django, Ruby on Rails, Laravel)
Object-relational mapping (e.g. Hibernate, SQLAlchemy);Server management (e.g. Apache, Nginx)
Cloud platforms (e.g. AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Platform);Docker and containerization
Microservices architecture;Distributed systems and messaging (e.g. RabbitMQ, Apache Kafka)
Caching (e.g. Redis, Memcached);Search engines (e.g. Elasticsearch, Solr)
Security and authentication (e.g. OAuth, JWT, SSL/TLS);Performance monitoring and optimization (e.g. New Relic, AppDynamics)
Version control (e.g. Git, SVN);Build automation and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD)
Serverless computing (e.g. AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions);Load balancing and scaling
Web sockets and real-time communication;Test-driven development (TDD) and unit testing frameworks (e.g. JUnit, Pytest)
Scripting languages (e.g. Bash, PowerShell);Agile methodologies (e.g. Scrum, Kanban)
Logging and monitoring tools (e.g. Log4j, Splunk);Web services (e.g. SOAP, XML-RPC)
Infrastructure as code (e.g. Terraform, Ansible);SQL and NoSQL databases
Authentication and authorization mechanisms (e.g. OAuth2, OpenID Connect);Middleware (e.g. message brokers, application servers)
Content delivery networks (e.g. Akamai, Cloudflare);RESTful design principles